Businesspeople are expected to wear suits. Punctuality is important and business cards are essential when visiting firms. During meetings, humour is considered inappropriate and does not cross cultural barriers easily and business relationships and negotiations tend to develop slowly and visitors should adopt the local pace. A little introductory chit-chat is usually expected but overly personal topics are best avoided.
Although English is widely spoken, it is always appreciated if a visitor attempts to say a few words in the language of the host and the usual form of greeting in both business and social settings is a firm handshake.
On first meeting itis always important to address Swiss colleagues by their surnames (including any academic or honorary titles) prefixed by Herr (for a man) or Frau (for a woman) and to use the polite Sie form, rather than the informal du, until familiarity has been established.
If invited to a colleague's home, you should bring a small gift of flowers (these should be unwrapped) or chocolates.
In Geneva, company structures remain hierarchical, particularly within the financial sector. It is therefore wise to approach those at the top.
Meetings are commonly held over lunch and dinner – rarely breakfast – and Genevois appreciate an invitation to a top restaurant. Suits should be worn but without ostentation.
In Zurich, do not be surprised by Zürchers' apparent brusqueness - they believe in speaking the truth, even if it is not always pleasant.
Business hours are typically Monday to Friday 0800-1200 and 1400-1700, while in Geneva the business day can start 30 minutes earlier.
Economy:Switzerland has a typical West European mixed economy with a bias towards light and craft-based industries: Swiss precision manufacturing such as watch-making is renowned throughout the world. The country is highly industrialised and heavily dependent on exports of finished goods (including machine tools, printing and photographic equipments, electronics and medical equipment). There is also a substantial chemical industry, employing 15% of the workforce, which continues to grow steadily. In total, exports are equivalent to just under half of Swiss GDP. Switzerland lacks raw materials, so most of these must be imported.
Although half of the country's food is imported, the agricultural sector is a strong and major employer. The processed foods industry has a high international profile, particularly in such products as chocolate, cheese and baby foods.
The service sector is dominated by banking, where the particular reputation of the Swiss banking community for discretion has attracted large deposits. Switzerland is one of Europe's major financial centres, with Zürich home to the world's fourth-ranked stock market (after New York, London and Tokyo). Among other service industries, tourism is of major importance.
Switzerland is not a member of the European Union, although nearly two-thirds of its exports are sold to EU countries.
The neutrality, stability and conveniently central location of Switzerland make the country a favourite meeting place for conventions and international organisations. It has an extensive and highly developed network of conference destinations with all the major cities and many of the smaller alpine and lake resorts offering fully equipped business facilities.
Each of Switzerland's main cities has its own Convention Bureau, whilst the Association of Swiss Convention Centres, Swiss Congress, oversees meetings activity throughout the country. The organisation is made up of the 19 leading congress locations in Switzerland and can help with the organisation of a meeting in any region of the country.
GDP:US$522 billion (2009).
Main exports:Chocolate, watches, pharmaceuticals, machinery, metals, chemicals and agricultural products.
Main imports:Chemicals, textiles, electronics, vehicles, machinery and argricultural products.
Main trading partners:Germany, Austria, France, Italy, USA and UK.
Payphones can be found in towns and cities throughout Switzerland. Calls are made using phonecards, which can be purchased in newsagents.
Mobile phone:Roaming agreements exist with most international mobile phone companies and coverage is good across Switzerland. Local SIM cards are readily available in newsagents.
Internet:Wi-Fi is ubiquitous in Switzerland with most hotels, restaurants and public spaces offering access. Connections are also available in Internet cafés and phone booths, which are found in most major town and cities. In the case of phone booths, charges are payable by phonecard or credit card.
Post:Airmail within Europe takes three days.
Post office hours:Mon-Fri 0730-1200 and 1345-1830. Saturday closing is at 1100 except in major cities.
Media:The main broadcaster in Switzerland is the public Swiss Broadcasting Corporation. It operates seven TV networks (three in German, two in Italian and two in French) and 18 radio stations. Most of its funding comes from licence fee revenues, while a smaller proportion comes from TV advertising. Private TV and radio stations operate in the regions. TV stations from France, Germany and Italy are widely available, thanks in part to the very high take-up of multichannel cable and satellite TV. Some German commercial broadcasters provide tailored versions of their channels for the Swiss market.
Press:European and international newspapers in English, including The International Herald Tribune and USA Today, are widely available.
Local press includes the Zürich-based Neue Zürcher Zeitung and Tages-Anzeiger, the Geneva-based Le Temps and the Lugano-based Corriere del Ticino.
